Trayectoria de la gobernanza en programas de pago por servicios ambientales en México: un análisis de redes sociales

David Manuel  Torrez Pérez; Véronique Sophie  Ávila-Foucat

Autores/as

David Manuel Torrez Pérez Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (México) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7844-4742
Véronique Sophie Ávila-Foucat Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0540-9417

Palabras clave:

Gobernanza ambiental, Análisis de redes sociales, Pago por servicios ambientales hidrológicos, Manejo de cuencas hidrográficas

Resumen

En este trabajo se empleó el Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) para analizar la evolución de las redes de gobernanza asociadas a los programas de Pago por Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos (PSAH) implementados en las subcuencas de los ríos Pixquiac y Gavilanes, Veracruz, México. Se construyeron tres cortes temporales de cada red (etapa inicial, intermedia y final) y se calcularon indicadores de centralidad para evaluar los cambios en las relaciones de colaboración entre los actores participantes. En ambos programas, la densidad de las redes aumentó a lo largo del periodo analizado, mientras que los valores máximos de intermediación registrados en la etapa final fueron inferiores a los de las etapas iniciales. Lo que indica una mayor conectividad y una menor dependencia de actores puente. La centralización se mantuvo en niveles moderados, lo que sugiere estructuras de gobernanza relativamente descentralizadas. Los resultados revelan una asociación entre la operación de los programas y el fortalecimiento de las estructuras de gobernanza. Las diferencias observadas entre ambas subcuencas indican que los arreglos institucionales y los mecanismos de participación influyen en la intensidad de la gobernanza colaborativa.

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